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Determination of carbon monoxide,methane and carbon dioxide in refinery hydrogen gases and air by gas chromatography 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Kamiński M Kartanowicz R Jastrzebski D Kamiński MM 《Journal of chromatography. A》2003,989(2):277-283
This paper illustrates a method for determining trace amounts of CO, CH4 and CO2 with the detection limit of 0.15, 0.15 and 0.20 microg/l, respectively, in refinery hydrogen gases or in air. A simple modification of a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame-ionization detector is presented. A Porapak Q column, additionally connected with a short molecular sieve 5A packed column and a catalytic hydrogenation reactor on the Ni catalyst have been applied. The principle of the analytical method proposed is the separation of CO from O2 before the introduction of CO to the methanizer. The analytical procedure and examples of the results obtained have been presented. The modification applied makes it possible to use the GC instrument for other determinations, requiring utilization of the Porapak Q column and the flame-ionization detector. In such cases, the short molecular sieve 5A column and the methanizer can be by-passed. 相似文献
64.
Andrzej W. Domanski Rafal Cieslak Miroslaw A. Karpierz Daniel Budaszewski Tomasz R. Wolinski 《Central European Journal of Physics》2008,6(3):628-633
This paper analyzes the second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of light with partial temporal coherence due to depolarization
effects in birefringent media. It discusses relations between SHG efficiency fading, light source spectrum, crystal birefringence,
and phase matching conditions. The efficiency of SHG pumped by the partially coherent light beam that may depolarize light
in nonlinear birefringent crystal is also analyzed. The basic theory of SHG with its modification for partially coherent light
with depolarization and some numerical calculations of the SHG process are described.
Presented at 9-th International Workshop on Nonlinear Optics Applications, NOA 207, May 17–20, 2007, Świnoujście, Poland 相似文献
65.
We have used SOM and grid 3D and 4D QSAR schemes for modeling the activity of a series of dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors. Careful analysis of the performance and external predictivities proves that this method can provide an efficient inhibition model. 相似文献
66.
Donor activity of cyclohexene and a series of n-alkanes in catalytic hydrogen transfer to various organic groups over magnesia as a catalyst has been determined. Styrene, phenylacetylene, benzaldehyde and acetophenone were not reduced by cyclohexene in the temperature range 523-673 K. Cyclohexene oxide was reduced to cyclohexanol (38%) and nitrobenzene to aniline (56%) by cyclohexene under adopted conditions (673 K). The highest yield of aniline (57%) from nitrobenzene was reached at 673 K in the presence of n-decane from a series of C6 - C16 n-alkanes used as hydrogen 相似文献
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Rafal Kamocki 《Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences》2014,37(11):1668-1686
In the paper, fractional systems with Riemann–Liouville derivatives are studied. A theorem on the existence and uniqueness of a solution of a fractional ordinary Cauchy problem is given. Next, the Pontryagin maximum principle for nonlinear fractional control systems with a nonlinear integral performance index is proved. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
69.
Bogdan Boduszek Agnieszka Halama Rafal Latajka 《Phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon and the related elements》2013,188(1):141-149
Abstract Alkyl monoesters of N-substituted aminophosphonic acids have been prepared by heating of the corresponding dialkyl aminophosphonates oxalate salts in water. The formed monoesters were separated as crystalline solids from the aqueous reaction mixture. 相似文献
70.
Ryan M. Rich Mark Mummert Zygmunt Gryczynski Julian Borejdo Thomas Just Sørensen Bo W. Laursen Zeno Foldes-Papp Ignacy Gryczynski Rafal Fudala 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2013,405(14):4887-4894
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a frequently applied technique that allows for the precise and sensitive analysis of molecular diffusion and interactions. However, the potential of FCS for in vitro or ex vivo studies has not been fully realized due in part to artifacts originating from autofluorescence (fluorescence of inherent components and fixative-induced fluorescence). Here, we propose the azadioxatriangulenium (ADOTA) dye as a solution to this problem. The lifetime of the ADOTA probe, about 19.4 ns, is much longer than most components of autofluorescence. Thus, it can be easily separated by time-correlated single-photon counting methods. Here, we demonstrate the suppression of autofluorescence in FCS using ADOTA-labeled hyaluronan macromolecules (HAs) with Rhodamine 123 added to simulate diffusing fluorescent background components. The emission spectrum and decay rate of Rhodamine 123 overlap with the usual sources of autofluorescence, and its diffusion behavior is well known. We show that the contributions from Rhodamine 123 can be eliminated by time gating or by fluorescence lifetime correlation spectroscopy (FLCS). While the pairing of ADOTA and time gating is an effective strategy for the removal of autofluorescence from fluorescence imaging, the loss of photons leads to erroneous concentration values with FCS. On the other hand, FLCS eliminates autofluorescence without such errors. We then show that both time gating and FLCS may be used successfully with ADOTA-labeled HA to detect the presence of hyaluronidase, the overexpression of which has been observed in many types of cancer. 相似文献